Module 1: Origins and history of the concept of the Rule of Law

Augustine of Hippo (426). De Civitate Dei the City of God Books III and IV, Patrick Gerard Walsh, Oxbow Books (2007), ch. 4

Austin, J (1885). Lectures on Jurisprudence. Or the Philosophy of Positive Law: Analysis of Lectures 1-6; Lecture 6, first part

Austin, J (1885). Lectures on Jurisprudence. Or the Philosophy of Positive Law: Lecture 6, second part

Beccaria, C (1764). Dei delitti e delle pene. Mursia: Milano (1973): Chs 1, 2, 3

Beccaria, C (1764). Dei delitti e delle pene. Mursia: Milano (1973): Chs 4, 5, 6, 7

Burke, E., Reflections on the Revolution in France

Dicey, AV (2013). The Law of the Constitution, The Oxford Edition, Vol. 1, J. W. Allison (ed.). Oxford University Press: Oxford: Part II, Chs 4, 12 (3^rd Edition)

Dicey, AV (2013). The Law of the Constitution, The Oxford Edition, Vol. 1, J. W. Allison (ed.). Oxford University Press: Oxford: Part I, Lecture 1, 2

Montesquieu, CL (1749). The Spirit of the Laws, Thomas Nugent (trans.), New York: MacMillan, 1949: Vol 1, books 1, 2, 3, 4

Montesquieu, CL (1749). The Spirit of the Laws, Thomas Nugent (trans.), New York: MacMillan, 1949: Vol. 1, books 8, 11

Montesquieu, CL(1749). The Spirit of the Laws, Thomas Nugent (trans.), New York: MacMillan, 1949: Vol. 1, books 5, 6, 7,

Sieyès, E (2014) The Essential Political Writings, Oliver W. Lembcke, Florian Weber (eds), Brill: Leiden, Boston. Chs 2, 3, 4

Sieyès, E (2014) The Essential Political Writings, Oliver W. Lembcke, Florian Weber (eds), Brill: Leiden, Boston. Chs 5, 6, 7

The Federalist Papers, 10, 14, 51 (Madison)

The Federalist Papers, 70, 78, 84 (Hamilton)

Wollstonecraft, M. (1792). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, Chs 1, 2, 5

Wollstonecraft, M. (1792). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, Chs 6, 7, 8

Module 2: The Rule of Law in the EU: Democracy, National Identity and Institutional Evolutions

Andreas Moberg, (2023). Article 7 TEU: Difficult by Design. In: Anna Södersten & Edwin Hercock (eds), The Rule of Law in the EU: Crisis and Solutions

Artur Nowak-Far, The Rule of Law Framework in the European Union: Its Rationale, Origins, Role and International Ramifications (2021). In: Armin von Bogdandy, Piotr Bogdanowicz, Iris Canor, Christoph Grabenwarter, Matthias Schmidt, & Maciej Taborowski (eds.), Defending checks and balances in EU member states, Springer: Berlin

Barberis, M. (2008). L’Europa del Diritto. Il Mulino: Bologna, ch. 2

de Witte, B. (2012). The European Union as an international legal experiment. In: De Burca, G. & Weiler, J. H. H. (eds), The Worlds of European Constitutionalism. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Gilbert, M. (2012). European Integration: A Concise History. Roman & Littlefield, chs 7, 8, 9

Iris Canor, (2021). Suspending Horizontal Solange: A Decentralized Instrument for Protecting Mutual Trust and the European Rule of Law. In: Armin von Bogdandy, Piotr Bogdanowicz, Iris Canor, Christoph Grabenwarter, Matthias Schmidt, & Maciej Taborowski (eds.), Defending checks and balances in EU member states, Springer: Berlin

Joni Heliskoski, (2023). Infringement Proceedings as a Tool for Enforcing the Rule of Law in EU Member States – a Critical Review. In: Allan Rosas, Juha Raitio, & Pekka Pohjankoski (eds.), The Rule of Law’s Anatomy in the EU. Foundations and Protections. Hart Publishing: London

Jörg Polakiewicz and Julia Katharina Kirchmayr, (2021). Sounding the Alarm: The Council of Europe As the Guardian of the Rule of Law in Contemporary Europe. In: Armin von Bogdandy, Piotr Bogdanowicz, Iris Canor, Christoph Grabenwarter, Matthias Schmidt, & Maciej Taborowski (eds.), Defending checks and balances in EU member states, Springer: Berlin

Joseph H. H. Weiler, (2021). Not on Bread Alone Doth Men Liveth: Some Iconoclastic Views on Populism, Democracy, the Rule of Law and the Polish Circumstance. In: Armin von Bogdandy, Piotr Bogdanowicz, Iris Canor, Christoph Grabenwarter, Matthias Schmidt, & Maciej Taborowski (eds.), Defending checks and balances in EU member states, Springer: Berlin

Justyna Łacny, (2021). Suspension of EU Funds Paid to Member States Breaching the Rule of Law: Is the Commission’s Proposal Legal? In: Armin von Bogdandy, Piotr Bogdanowicz, Iris Canor, Christoph Grabenwarter, Matthias Schmidt, & Maciej Taborowski (eds.), Defending checks and balances in EU member states, Springer: Berlin

Leonard Besselink, The Primacy of the Rule of Law and Member States’
Constitutional Identities. In: Allan Rosas, Juha Raitio, & Pekka Pohjankoski (eds.), The Rule of Law’s Anatomy in the EU. Foundations and Protections. Hart Publishing: London

Luke Dimitrios Spieker, (2021). Defending Union Values in Judicial Proceedings. On How to Turn Article 2 TEU into a Judicially Applicable Provision. In: Armin von Bogdandy, Piotr Bogdanowicz, Iris Canor, Christoph Grabenwarter, Matthias Schmidt, & Maciej Taborowski (eds.), Defending checks and balances in EU member states, Springer: Berlin

Matthias Schmidt and Piotr Bogdanowicz (2021). Ascertaining the ‘Guarantee of Guarantees’: Recent Developments Regarding the Infringement Procedure in the EU’s Rule of Law Crisis. In: Armin von Bogdandy, Piotr Bogdanowicz, Iris Canor, Christoph Grabenwarter, Matthias Schmidt, & Maciej Taborowski (eds.), Defending checks and balances in EU member states, Springer: Berlin

Pál Sonnevend, (2021). The Responsibility of Courts in Maintaining the Rule of Law: Two Tales of Consequential Judicial Self-Restraint. In: Armin von Bogdandy, Piotr Bogdanowicz, Iris Canor, Christoph Grabenwarter, Matthias Schmidt, & Maciej Taborowski (eds.), Defending checks and balances in EU member states, Springer: Berlin

Palombella G. (2016). Beyond Legality – Before Democracy: Rule of Law Caveats in the EU Two-Level System. In: Closa C, Kochenov D, eds. Reinforcing Rule of Law Oversight in the European Union. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 36-58.

Pekka Pohjankoski, (2023). Of Carrots and Sticks: Constitutional Limits to Rule of Law Conditionality. In: Allan Rosas, Juha Raitio, & Pekka Pohjankoski (eds.), The Rule of Law’s Anatomy in the EU. Foundations and Protections. Hart Publishing: London

R. Daniel Kelemen (2023). Article 7’s Place in the EU Rule of Law Toolkit. In: Anna Södersten & Edwin Hercock (eds), The Rule of Law in the EU: Crisis and Solutions

Sanja Bogojevic and Xavier Groussot, (2023). Illiberal Democracy and Rule by Law from an EU perspective. In: Allan Rosas, Juha Raitio, & Pekka Pohjankoski (eds.), The Rule of Law’s Anatomy in the EU. Foundations and Protections. Hart Publishing: London

Steven Blockmans, (2023). The EU’s Magnitsky Act: An Innovative Tool Fit for the
Enforcement of Human Rights and Rule of Law Worldwide? In: Allan Rosas, Juha Raitio, & Pekka Pohjankoski (eds.), The Rule of Law’s Anatomy in the EU. Foundations and Protections. Hart Publishing: London

Tuori, K. (2019). European Constitutionalism. In: Masterman R, Schütze R, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law. Cambridge Companions to Law. Cambridge University Press: 521-553.

Werner Schroeder, (2021), The Rule of Law as a Value in the sense of Article 2 TEU. In: Armin von Bogdandy, Piotr Bogdanowicz, Iris Canor, Christoph Grabenwarter, Matthias Schmidt, & Maciej Taborowski (eds.), Defending checks and balances in EU member states, Springer: Berlin

Werner Schroeder, (2023). An Active EU Rule of Law Policy. In: Allan Rosas, Juha Raitio, & Pekka Pohjankoski (eds.), The Rule of Law’s Anatomy in the EU. Foundations and Protections. Hart Publishing: London

Xavier Groussot and Anna Zemskova, (2023). Using Financial Tools to Protect the Rule of Law: Internal and External Challenges. In: Anna Södersten & Edwin Hercock (eds), The Rule of Law in the EU: Crisis and Solutions

Module 3: Demanding Legality: Political Authority, Democratic Transitions, and Backsliding

Anderson, E. (2014). Social Movements, Experiments in Living and Moral Progress. The Lindsay Lecture

Arendt, H. (1968). The Dreyfuss Affair. In: Hanna Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Harvest Books: ch. 4

Barros, R. (2002). Constitutionalism and Dictatorship: Pinochet, the Junta, and the 1980 Constitution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Barros, R. (2003). Dictatorship and the Rule of Law: Rules and Military Power in Pinochet’s Chile. In: J. M. Maravall and A. Przeworski (eds.) Democracy and the Rule of Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Barros, R. (2008). Courts Out of Context: Authoritarian Sources of Judicial Failure in Chile and Argentina. In: Ginsburg T., Moustafa T. (eds.), Rule by Law. The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Barros, R. (2008). Courts Out of Context: Authoritarian Sources of Judicial Failure in Chile and Argentina. In: Ginsburg T., Moustafa T. (eds.), Rule by Law. The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Bobbio, N. (1986). Profilo ideologico del Novecento Italiano. Einaudi: Torino

Burbank, S. & Farhang, S. (2017). Rights and Retrenchment: The Counterrevolution Against Federal Litigation. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Dahl, R. (1989). Democracy and Its Critics. Yale University Press: New Haven, Ch 8

Dahl, R. (1989). Democracy and Its Critics. Yale University Press: New Haven, Chs 16, 17

di Federico, G. & Guarnieri, C. (1988). The Courts in Italy. In: Jerold L. Waltman and Kenneth M. Holland (eds.) The Political Role of Law Courts in Modern Democracies. London: Macmillan.

Dyzenhaus, D. 1991. Hard Cases in Wicked Legal Systems; South African Law in the Perspective of Legal Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press

Ely, J. (1980). Democracy and Distrust. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Chs 2, 3

Ernst, D (2014). Tocqueville’s Nightmare: The Administrative State Emerges in America: 1900 – 1940. Oxford University Press: New York

Fraenkel, Ernst 1969. The Dual State: A Contribution to the Theory of Dictatorship, E.A. Shils (trans.). New York: Octagon Books.

Fuller, L. (1964) The Morality of Law. Yale University Press: New Haven, Ch. 2

Gargarella R. (2010). The Quest for Equality. In: The Legal Foundations of Inequality: Constitutionalism in the Americas, 1776–1860. Cambridge University Press: 215-248.

Ginsburg, T & Huq, A. (2018). How to Save a Constitutional Democracy. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago & London

Ginsburg, T. (2003). Judicial Review in New Democracies. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, Chs 2, 3, 4

Ginsburg, T. (2007). Law and the Liberal Transformation of the Northeast Asian Legal Complex in Korea and Taiwan. In: Terrence Halliday, Lucien Karpik and Malcolm M. Feeley (eds.). Fighting for Political Freedom: Comparative Studies of the Legal Complex and Political Change. Oxford: Hart Publishing.

Helmke, G. (2005). Courts under Constraints: Judges, Generals and Presidents in Argentina. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hilbink, E. C. (2007). Judges beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship: Lessons from Chile. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hilibink, L. (2008). Agents of Anti-Politics: Courts in Pinochet’s Chile. In: Ginsburg T., Moustafa T. (eds.), Rule by Law. The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Kelsen, H. (2010). La Democrazia. Il Mulino

Leiter, B. (2021). The Role of Judges in Democracies: A Realistic View. In: P. Chiassoni & B. Spaic (Eds), Judging and Adjudication in Constitutional Democracies: A View From Legal Realism. Springer: Cham

Linz, J. (1970). An Authoritarian Regime: Spain. In: Erik Allardt and Stein Rokkan (eds.) Mass Politics: Studies in Political Sociology. New York: Free Press.

Linz, J. & A. Stepan (1978). The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes. The John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore & London, Chs 1, 3

Linz, J. & A. Stepan (1978). The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes. The John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore & London, Chs 4, 5

Locke, J (1689). Second Treatise on Government: 22-24 (of Slavery); 25-51 (of Property)

Locke, J (1689). Second Treatise on Government:123-131 (of the Ends of Political Society and Government); 132-133 (of the Forms of a Common Wealth); 134 – 142 (Of the extent of the legislative powers)

Magalhaes, P., Guarnieri, C. & Kaminis, Y. (2007). Democratic Consolidation, Judicial Reform, and Judicialization of Politics in Southern Europe. In: Gunther, R. Diamandouros, P. N. & Sotiropoulos, D. (eds.) Democracy and the State in the New Southern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Magaloni, B. (2006). Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and Its Demise In Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Magaloni, B. (2008). Enforcing the Autocratic Political Order and the Role of Courts: The Case of Mexico. In: Ginsburg T., Moustafa T. (eds.), Rule by Law. The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Mazower, M. (1998). Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century. Penguin Books: London

Mill, J.S. (1859). On Liberty, Chs. 3, 4

Mill, J.S. (1859). On Liberty, Introduction, Ch. 2

Nino, C. (1996). Radical Evil on Trial. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Nino, C. S. (1995). Un pais al margen de la ley. Buenos Aires

Nussbaum, M. (1999). Sex and Social Justice. Oxford University Press: New York, Ch. 2

Pereira, A. (2008). Of Judges and Generals: Security Courts under Authoritarian Regimes in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. In: Ginsburg T., Moustafa T. (eds.), Rule by Law. The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Pereira, A. (2008). Of Judges and Generals: Security Courts under Authoritarian Regimes in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. In: Ginsburg T., Moustafa T. (eds.), Rule by Law. The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Sadursky, W. (2019). Poland’s Constitutional Breakdown. Oxford University Press: Oxford

Salvemini, G. (2015). Le origini del fascismo in Italia. Feltrinelli: Milano

Schlögel, K. (2012). Moscow 1937. Polity

Shapiro, M. (2008). Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. In: Ginsburg T., Moustafa T. (eds.), Rule by Law. The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Shklar, J. (1986). Legalism. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Part II

Skidmore, T. (1988). The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil, 1964–1985. New York: Oxford University Press

Snyder, T. (2010). Bloodlands. Europe between Hitler and Stalin. Basic Books

Solomon, P. (2008). Judicial Power in Authoritarian States: The Russian Experience. In: Ginsburg T., Moustafa T. (eds.), Rule by Law. The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Solomon, P. H. (1996). Soviet Criminal Justice under Stalin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Strauss, D. (1996). Common Law Constitutional Interpretation. University of Chicago Law Review 63: 877 – 935

Tilly, C. (2003). Contention and Democracy in Europe: 1650 – 2000. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, Ch 1

Tilly, C. (2003). Contention and Democracy in Europe: 1650 – 2000. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, Ch 3

Waldron (1999). Law and Disagreement. Oxford University Press: Oxford, Chs 2, 13

West, R. (1988). Jurisprudence and Gender. University of Chicago Law Review 55(1): 1 – 72

Zanatta, L. (1996). Del Estado liberal a la Nación católica. Iglesia y Ejercito en los origenes del peronismo. 1930-1943. Editorial de la Universidad de Quilmes: Buenos Aires

Module 4: The Procedural Dimensions of the Rule of Law: Due Process and the Role of Judges in the Legal Process

Accatino, D. (2020). Legal Evidence Theory: Are We All Rationalists Now? Revus (40): 85 – 101

Burbank, S. & Farhang, S. (2017). Rights and Retrenchment: The Counterrevolution Against Federal Litigation. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge

Calamandrei P (2008)[1940] Fede nel diritto

Comanducci, P. (2010). Alcuni problemi concettuali relativi all’applicazione del diritto. Diritto e Questioni Pubbliche 10: 120 – 134

Damaška, M. (1986). The Faces of Justice and State Authority. A Comparative Approach to the Legal Process. Yale University Press: New Haven, Introduction

Damaška, M. (1986). The Faces of Justice and State Authority. A Comparative Approach to the Legal Process. Yale University Press: New Haven, Ch 1

Damaška, M. (1986). The Faces of Justice and State Authority. A Comparative Approach to the Legal Process. Yale University Press: New Haven, Ch 3

Ferrajoli, L. (1989). Diritto e Ragione: Teoria del garantismo penale. Laterza: Bari, Chs. I.1, I.2, II.6, III.9, IV.13, IV.15, IV.16

Ferrajoli, L. (1989). Diritto e Ragione: Teoria del garantismo penale. Laterza: Bari, Chs. V.18, V.19, V.20, VI.24, VI.25

Ferrer, J. (2007). La valoración racional de la prueba. Marcial Pons: Madrid, Chs 2, 3

Galanter, M. (1983). The Radiating Effects of Courts. In: K. Boyum and L. Mather (eds.), Empirical Theories about Courts. Longmans: New York, pp. 117-42.

Genn H. (2009). Introduction: What Is Civil Justice For? In: Judging Civil Justice. The Hamlyn Lectures. Cambridge University Press; 2009:1-26

Genn H. (2009). Judges and Civil Justice. In: Judging Civil Justice. The Hamlyn Lectures. Cambridge University Press; 2009:126-180.

Taruffo, M. (1990). Modelli di prova e di procedimento probatorio. Rivista di Diritto Processuale, XLV(2), 420-447.

Twining, W. (1982). The Rationalist Tradition of Evidence Scholarship. E. Campbell & L. Waller (Eds.), Well and Truly Tried (pp. 211-249). The Law Book Company: Sidney.

Waldron, J. (2011). The Rule of Law and the Importance of Procedure. Nomos 50:3-31.

Wróblewski, J. (1992). The Judicial Application of Law. Springer: Dordrecht, Chs 3, 4, 5